Evolution of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis over four decades revealed by whole genome sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Keira A Cohen¹, Thomas Abeel², Abigail Manson McGuire², Christopher A Desjardins², Vanisha Munsamy³, Terrance P Shea², Bruce J Walker², Nonkqubela Bantubani⁴, Deepak V Almeida⁵, Lucia Alvarado², Sinead Chapman², Nomonde R Mvelase⁶, Eamon Y Duffy³, Michael G Fitzgerald², Pamla Govender³, Sharvari Gujja², Susanna Hamilton², Clint Howarth², Jeffrey D Larimer², Kasmheel Maharaj³, Matthew D Pearson², Margaret E Priest², Qiandong Zeng², Nesri Padayatchi⁷, Jacques Grosset⁵, Sarah K Young², Jennifer Wortman², Koleka P Mlisana⁶, Max R O’Donnell⁸, Bruce W Birren², William R Bishai⁹, Alexander S Pym³, Ashlee M Earl^2
1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for TB and HIV (K-RITH), Durban, South Africa
² Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
³ KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for TB and HIV (K-RITH), Durban, South Africa
⁴ Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
⁵ KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for TB and HIV (K-RITH), Durban, South Africa; Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
⁶ National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Durban, South Africa
⁷ Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
⁸ Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
⁹ Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

Correspondence Address:
Keira A Cohen
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None

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